A surface condenser or steam condenser is a water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger
How does a steam surface condenser work?
: the steam is converted from gaseous to liquid state at a pressure level below atmospheric pressure.
How does a steam condenser work?
Steam Condenser Working Principle
A flow of cooling water is continuously circulating from the condenser inside a steam condenser to the cooling tower and the cooling tower to the condenser. When low-pressure exhaust steam leaves the turbine and passes through the condenser, it loses the heat and condenses into water.
How does condenser work in steam turbine?
Condensing steam turbines are most commonly found in thermal power plants. In a condensing steam turbine, the maximum amount of energy is extracted from the steam. This is achieved by passing the exhaust steam into a condenser, which condenses the exhaust steam from the low-pressure stages of the main turbine.
How does a condenser in a power plant work?
In power plants, condensers act as a heat-rejection engine when condensing steam into water. The volume collapse of that conversion (on the order of 1,700 times) causes a significant pressure change, creating a vacuum that pulls steam through the turbine.
What is the objective of steam condenser?
Objectives of the Steam Condenser
The primary objective is to maintain a low pressure (below atmospheric pressure) so as to obtain the maximum possible energy from steam and thus to secure a high efficiency.
How is water-cooled in a cooling tower?
As the water flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled through the tower by the electric motor-driven fan. When the water and air meet, a small amount of water is evaporated, creating a cooling action.
Why are cooling towers used in thermal power plant?
A cooling tower is designed to remove heat from a building or facility by spraying water down through the tower to exchange heat into the inside of the building.
What is vacuum efficiency?
Explanation: Vacuum efficiency is the ratio of the actual vacuum to the maximum obtainable vacuum. Therefore, ηvacuum = frac{Actual , vacuum}{Maximum , obtainable , vacuum} but Maximum obtainable vacuum = Barometer pressure – Absolute pressure of steam.
How does a water-cooled condenser work?
A Water-Cooled Condenser is a heat exchanger that removes heat from refrigerant vapour and transfers it to the water running through it. Having the refrigerant vapour condensed on the outside of a tube achieves this. In doing so, the vapour condenses and gives up heat to the water running inside the tube.
How boiler works in thermal power plant?
Boiler in thermal power plant accumulates the steam and build up a pressure to expend it in turbine and convert thermal energy to mechanical energy. The generator which is connected to turbine converts the mechanical energy into electric energy.
What is heat rate in steam power plant?
The heat rate is defined as the total amount of energy required to produce one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity by an electric generator or power plant. It is the input rate required for generating unit power. The heat rate can also be described as the ratio of thermal inputs to electrical output.
How much electricity does a cooling tower use?
Based on seasonal operation of approximately 2,000 hours with a VFD controlled fan, the tower fan motor would consume 11, 297.7 kWh and the system pump energy consumption would be approximately 3,416 kWh.
How much does a cooling tower cost?
On average, cooling towers cost about $125,000 to replace. In the United States, a cooling tower replacement will typically cost between $50,000 and $200,000 for the year 2019. A commercial cooling tower will last between 15 and 20 years according to most manufacturers of commercial cooling towers.
How much water does a nuclear power plant use per day?
A large nuclear power plant may use up to 1 billion gallons of water a day and, for this reason, they are often built next to rivers, lakes or oceans to utilise the bodies of water. The water is drawn from these sources and heated to create steam to power the turbine.
How long does it take for a nuclear reactor to cool down?
Just to speak very broadly, you have many hours to restore power to the system to get normal cooling going. It’s really not possible to get more specific than “many hours.” But generally, less than 24 hours. That’s fair to say.
Which condenser is used in thermal power plant?
A surface condenser or steam condenser is a water-cooled shell and tube heat exchanger used to condensate the exhaust steam from the steam turbine in thermal power stations: the steam is converted from gaseous to liquid state at a pressure level below atmospheric pressure.
Which type of condenser is used in window air conditioner?
Air cooled condenser is used in a window air conditioner.
How do you create steam?
Steam is the gaseous phase of water which is formed when the necessary latent heat of vaporization is supplied to water at its boiling point. Steam is created in power plants at high pressures by the burning of a fuel within a boiler.
How can we increase coal efficiency?
Dry high-moisture coal before combustion
An alternative is to dry the coal before burning it, which has been found to improve plant efficiency by reducing the fuel input. It also reduces emissions including sulfur dioxide, mercury, nitrogen oxide, and carbon dioxide.
How efficient is a steam turbine?
Multistage (moderate to high pressure ratio) steam turbines have thermodynamic efficiencies that vary from 65 percent for very small (under 1,000 kW) units to over 90 percent for large industrial and utility sized units. Small, single stage steam turbines can have efficiencies as low as 40 percent.
Does a tower fan cool a room?
Tall, sleek tower fans take up little floor space while efficiently cooling your rooms. When the temperature rises, an air conditioner, ceiling fan or other cooling devices can only do so much. A tower fan can bring down a room’s temperature without cluttering up your space and is easy to store when not in use.